Balance is vital to normal everyday life. Activities like getting out of a chair, walking through your home, reaching for a glass in a cupboard or washing your hair depend on having good balance. People with balance and dizziness problems have difficulty with even the simplest of tasks. What is alarming is that at least half of the U.S. population will experience balance problems sometime during their lives, especially as they get older. In fact, poor balance and fall related injuries account for a large percentage of emergency room visits each year.

If you are an older person with a balance problem, you’ve likely been told that poor balance is a natural and untreatable part of getting older! Or worse, whether younger or older, you’ve been told that your “dizzy spells” are all in your head! To learn more about balance and balance disorders visit www.balanceandmobility.com.

Dizziness is a term used to describe everything from feeling faint or lightheaded to feeling weak or unsteady. Dizziness that creates the sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving is called vertigo. Dizziness is one of the most common reasons adults visit their doctors — right up there with back pain and headaches. Although it may be disabling and incapacitating, dizziness rarely signals a serious, life-threatening condition. Treatment of dizziness depends on the cause and your symptoms, but is usually effective.

If you are experiencing balance or dizzy problems you can take a Balance Self Test.

Causes

Dizziness may have a number of potential causes, depending on the type of dizziness. The causes of dizziness may include:

VERTIGO

Vertigo (the false sense of motion or spinning) is a common type of dizziness. Sitting up or moving around may make symptoms worse. Sometimes vertigo is severe enough to cause nausea and vomiting.

Vertigo usually results from a problem with the nerves and the structures of the balance mechanism in your inner ear (vestibular system), which sense movement and changes in your head position. Abnormal rhythmic eye movements (nystagmus) almost always accompany vertigo. Causes of vertigo may include:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). BPPV causes intense, brief episodes of vertigo immediately following a change in the position of your head, often when you turn over in bed or sit up in the morning. It occurs when normal calcium carbonate crystals break loose and fall into the wrong part of the canals in your inner ear. When these particles shift, they stimulate sensors in your ear, producing an episode of vertigo. Doctors don’t know what causes BPPV, but it may be a natural result of aging. Trauma to your head also may lead to BPPV.
Inflammation in the inner ear. Signs and symptoms of inflammation of your inner ear (acute vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis) include sudden, intense vertigo that may persist for several days, along with nausea, vomiting and imbalance. It can be incapacitating, requiring bed rest. Fortunately, vestibular neuronitis generally subsides and clears up on its own. Recovery time may be shorter with vestibular rehabilitation exercises and — if started within two days of symptom onset — a course of oral prednisone. Although the cause of this condition is unknown, it may be a viral infection.
Meniere’s disease. This disease involves the excessive buildup of fluid in your inner ear. It may affect adults at any age and is characterized by sudden episodes of vertigo lasting 30 minutes to an hour or longer. Other signs and symptoms include the feeling of fullness in your ear, buzzing or ringing in your ear (tinnitus), and fluctuating hearing loss. The cause of Meniere’s disease is unknown.
Migraine-related vertigo. Migraine is more than a headache disorder. Just as some people experience a visual “aura” with their migraines, others can get vertigo episodes and have other types of dizziness between migraines. Attacks of migraine-related vertigo can last from a few minutes to several days. If you are affected by migraine-related vertigo, you may be motion-sensitive as well, with a history of carsickness.
Dizziness and vertigo caused by a vestibular migraine may be provoked by common migraine triggers, such as certain foods, altered sleep, stress, or hormonal changes related to your menstrual cycle. A vestibular migraine may cause feelings of imbalance or unsteadiness, hearing loss, “muffled” hearing, or ringing in your ears (tinnitus), sometimes mimicking Meniere’s disease or other inner ear disorders. For most people with migraine-related vertigo, the attacks of vertigo don’t necessarily happen at the same time as the headache.
Acoustic neuroma. An acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) is a noncancerous (benign) growth on the vestibular nerve, which connects the inner ear to your brain. Signs and symptoms of an acoustic neuroma may include dizziness, loss of balance, hearing loss and tinnitus.
Rapid changes in motion. Riding on roller coasters or in boats, cars or even airplanes may make you dizzy.
Other causes. Rarely, vertigo can be a symptom of a more serious neurological problem such as a stroke, brain hemorrhage or multiple sclerosis.

FEELING OF FAINTNESS (PRESYNCOPE)

“Presyncope” is the medical term for feeling faint and lightheaded without losing consciousness. Sometimes nausea, pale skin and a sense of dizziness accompany a feeling of faintness. Causes of presyncope include:

Drop in blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension). A dramatic drop in your systolic blood pressure — the higher number in your blood pressure reading — may result in lightheadedness or a feeling of faintness. It can occur after sitting up or standing too quickly.
Inadequate output of blood from the heart. Conditions such as partially blocked arteries (atherosclerosis), disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) or a decrease in blood volume may cause inadequate blood flow from your heart.

LOSS OF BALANCE (DISEQUILIBRIUM)

Disequilibrium is the loss of balance or the feeling of unsteadiness when you walk. Causes may include:

Inner ear (vestibular) problems. Abnormalities with your inner ear can cause you to feel like you are floating, have a heavy head or are unsteady in the dark.
Sensory disorders. Failing vision and nerve damage in your legs (peripheral neuropathy) are common in older adults and may result in difficulty maintaining your balance.
Joint and muscle problems. Muscle weakness and osteoarthritis — the type of arthritis that involves wear and tear of your joints — can contribute to loss of balance when it involves your weight-bearing joints.
Medications. Loss of balance can be a side effect of certain medications, such as anti-seizure drugs, sedatives and tranquilizers.

LIGHTHEADEDNESS AND OTHER KINDS OF ‘DIZZINESS’

Feeling lightheaded is the feeling of being “spaced out” or having the sensation of spinning inside your head. It can also give you the sensation that if your lightheadedness worsens, you might lose consciousness. Causes may include:

Inner ear disorders. These abnormalities of your inner ear can lead to illusions of motion and make you feel like you’re floating.
Anxiety disorders. Certain anxiety disorders, such as panic attacks and a fear of leaving home or being in large, open spaces (agoraphobia), may cause dizziness. Sometimes one cause — such as a vestibular disorder — may produce symptoms, but then anxiety causes your dizziness to persist even after your inner ear problem has resolved.
Hyperventilation. Abnormally rapid breathing that often accompanies anxiety disorders may make you feel lightheaded.

Testing and Diagnosis

Doctors can usually determine the cause of dizziness. To pinpoint what’s causing your symptoms, you may be asked to perform positioning tests in the office so that your doctor can observe you and ask how you feel when you tip your head back or lie on a particular side. A hearing exam may also be completed to determine if your ears are causing some of the symptoms.

You may need additional tests in a vestibular and balance laboratory, including:

Posturography testing. This test tells your doctor which parts of the balance system you rely on the most and which parts may be giving you problems. You stand in your bare feet on a special platform and work to keep your balance under various conditions
ENG (electronystagmography) testing. Your eye movements in response to certain stimuli also can provide helpful information in making a diagnosis. For example, your doctor may watch the path of your eyes when you track a moving object. You may also be given what’s called a caloric test, in which the movement of your eyes is observed when cold and warm water are delivered to your ear canal at different times

Effective treatment is available

The good news is that medical research has proven that balance problems are NOT imaginary or inevitable with age, and there are effective treatments available for those who do experience balance problems or dizziness. There are also medical professionals and clinicians who are specially trained in the evaluation and treatment of balance disorders.

Unfortunately, a vast majority of people suffering from balance disorders are not aware of the help that is available. Treatment may include medication, exercises, or dietary changes. Consult with your primary health care provider for an evaluation and full treatment options.

For more information on treatment of dizziness and balance disorders you may visit: http://www.mayoclinic.com